Brazilian-Argentine Safeguards
Agency.

Published as IAEA document
INFCIRC/540, the Additional Protocol is designed to complement a states
Safeguards Agreement with the IAEA, in order to strengthen the effectiveness
and improve the efficiency of the safeguards system.

Australian Geological Survey
Organisation.

Australian Nuclear Science and
Technology Organisation.

Australian Obligated Nuclear
Material: nuclear material which is subject to obligations pursuant to one of
Australias bilateral safeguards agreements. In practice it relates to Australian uranium and nuclear material
derived from it (e.g. uranium hexafluoride, low enriched uranium, depleted
uranium, plutonium).

Australian Obligated Plutonium
(i.e. plutonium which is AONM).

Australian Radiation
Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency.

Australian Safeguards Support
Program.

Nuclear Energy Control Board
(Indonesia).

National Nuclear Energy Agency
(Indonesia).

Convention on the Prohibition
of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacterialogical
(Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction.

Boiling Water Reactor: an LWR in which the moderator/coolant is
used directly to produce steam for electricity generation.

Conference on Disarmament.

Under
the CWC, an inspection that can be initiated by a State Party to resolve
suspicions about a particular site.

The system of safeguards based
on INFCIRC/153.

The right of the IAEA pursuant
the Additional Protocol to access a location to carry out verification
activities.

Agreement between a state and
the IAEA for the application of safeguards to all of the states current and
future nuclear activities (equivalent to full scope safeguards)based on
INFCIRC/153.

Processing of natural uranium
into a gaseous compound, uranium hexafluoride, for use as the feedstock for
uranium enrichment.

Convention on the Physical Protection
of Nuclear Material.

Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban
Treaty.

Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban
Treaty OrganisationVienna based international organisation established to
give effect to the CTBT.

Chemical Weapons Convention.

Uranium having a U-235 content
less than that found in nature (i.e. as a result of uranium enrichment).

Department of Foreign Affairs
and Trade.

Nuclear material defined for
safeguards purposes as being useable for nuclear explosives without
transmutation or further enrichment, e.g. plutonium, high-enriched uranium
(HEU) and U‑233.

Any chemical belonging to the
class of chemical compounds consisting of all compounds of carbon, except for
its oxides, sulphides and metal carbonates, identifiable by chemical name, by
structural formula, if known, and by Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)
registry number, if assigned. Long
chain polymers are not included in this definition.

United States Department of
Energy.

Democratic Peoples Republic
of Korea.

A physical or chemical process
for increasing the proportion of a particular isotope. Uranium enrichment involves increasing the
proportion of U-235 from its level in natural uranium, 0.711%: for LEU fuel
the proportion of U-235 (the enrichment level) is typically increased to
between 3% and 5%.

European Safeguards Research
and Development Association.

The Atomic Energy Agency of
the European Union. Its Safeguards
Office is responsible for the application of safeguards to all nuclear
material in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Ireland,
Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden; and to all
nuclear material in civil facilities in France and the UK.

(for CWC purposes) A plant, plant site or
production/processing unit. [NB. for
legal purposes, the term Facility, as it appears in provisions of the
Chemical Weapons (Prohibition) Act, has the same meaning as plant site].

(for safeguards purposes) A document agreed between the IAEA and the
relevant Member State which specifies the nuclear materials accountancy
system for a specific facility, and defines the format and scope of inspection
activities.

A neutron in the fast energy
range (>0.1 MeV).

A reactor that operates mainly
with neutrons in the fast energy range. Because a moderator is not used, a fuel with a high energy density is
required, usually plutonium (more specifically, MOX with a high proportion,
e.g. 20-30%, of plutonium) or HEU. Through transmutation of U-238, a fast breeder reactor is designed to
produce more plutonium than it consumes. However fast neutron reactors can also be operated as net plutonium
consumers.

Referring to a nuclide capable
of undergoing fission by thermal neutrons (e.g. U-233, U-235, Pu-239).

The splitting of an atomic
nucleus into roughly equal parts, often by a neutron. In a fission reaction, a neutron collides
with fissile nuclide (e.g. U-235) and splits, releasing energy and new
neutrons. Many of these neutrons may
go on to collide with other fissile nuclei, setting up a nuclear chain
reaction.

Referring to a nuclide capable
of undergoing fission by fast neutrons (e.g. Pu-240, Pu-242).

Proposed Fissile Material
Cut-off Treaty.

The application of IAEA
safeguards to all of a states present and future nuclear activities.

A form of carbon, used as a
moderator in certain types of nuclear reactor. Graphite is a very efficient moderator, enabling uranium to be
used in a fission reactor without enrichment.

Gigawatt (Giga = billion, 10⁹).

Gigawatts of electrical /
thermal power.

Water containing the heavy
hydrogen isotope deuterium (hydrogen 2) which consists of a proton and a
neutron. D₂O occurs
naturally as about one part in 6000 of ordinary water. D₂O is a very efficient
moderator, enabling uranium to be used in a fission reactor without
enrichment.

High enriched uranium. Uranium enriched to 20% or more in U‑235.
Weapons grade HEU has been enriched to
over 90% U‑235.

High Flux Australian Reactor:

the 10 MWt research reactor located at ANSTOs Lucas Heights Research
Laboratories.

High temperature gas-cooled
reactor.

Term referring to underwater
propagation of pressure waves (sounds).

International Atomic Energy
Agency.

Inventory Change Report. A term used in nuclear materials
accountancy.

International Data
Centre. Data gathered by monitoring
stations of the CTBT IMS network are compiled, analysed and archived by the
Vienna based IDC. IDC products giving
the results of analyses are made available to CTBT signatories.

International Monitoring
SystemA network of 337 monitoring stations and analytical laboratories
established pursuant to the CTBT which, together with the IDC, gather and
analyse data with the aim of detecting any explosive nuclear testing.

Nuclear material that cannot
be used for a nuclear explosive without transmutation or further enrichment,
e.g. depleted uranium, natural uranium, low-enriched uranium (LEU), and
thorium.

Information Circular. A series of documents published by the
IAEA setting out safeguards, physical protection and export control
arrangements.

The model safeguards agreement
used by the IAEA since 1965. Essentially this agreement is facility-specific.
In the case of non-nuclear-weapon states
party to the NPT, it has been replaced by INFCIRC/153.

The model agreement used by
the IAEA as a basis for negotiating safeguards agreements with
non-nuclear-weapon states party to the NPT.

IAEA document entitled The
Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Nuclear Facilities. Its recommendations reflect a consensus of
views among IAEA Member States on desirable requirements for physical
protection measures on nuclear material, that is, measures taken for its
physical security.

Sound in the frequency range
of 0.02 to 4 Hertz. One category of
CTBT IMS stations will monitor sound at these frequencies with the aim of
detecting explosive events such as a nuclear test explosion at a range up to
5000 km.

Institute of Nuclear Materials
Management.

The combination of classical
and strengthened safeguards measures to give optimal effectiveness and
cost-efficiency.

International Security
Division, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.

Nuclides with the same number
of protons, but different numbers of neutrons, e.g. U-235 (92 protons and 143
neutrons) and U-238 (92 protons and 146 neutrons). The number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus, while not
significantly altering its chemistry, does alter its properties in nuclear
reactions.

Low Enriched Uranium; uranium
enriched to less than 20% in U-235. Commonly LEU for use as LWR fuel is enriched to between 3% and 5%
U-235.

Light Water Reactor. The most common type of power reactor,
using ordinary (light) water as the moderator and coolant. Because light water is not an efficient
moderator the uranium fuel must be slightly enriched (LEU).

Material Balance Area. A term used in nuclear materials
accountancy.

Material Balance Report. A term used in nuclear materials
accountancy.

ANSTOs university training
reactor (Moata means firestick in an Aboriginal language). Now defuelled and awaiting
decommissioning.

A material used to slow fast
neutrons to thermal speeds where they can readily be absorbed by U-235 or
plutonium nuclei and initiate a fission reaction. The most commonly used moderator materials are light water,
heavy water or graphite.

Mixed oxide reactor fuel,
consisting of a mixture of uranium and plutonium oxidesfor fresh LWR fuel
the plutonium content is typically around 5%.

Material Unaccounted For. A term used in nuclear materials
accountancy.

Megawatt (Mega = million, 10⁶).

Megawatts of electrical /
thermal power.

In nature uranium consists
predominantly of the isotope U-238 (approx. 99.3%), with the fissile isotope
U-235 comprising only 0.711%.

National Consultative Group,
established by the Minister for Foreign Affairs in 1998 to provide advice in
the context of negotiations on strengthening BWC Verification Protocol.

Nuclear Accountancy and
Control.

Non-nuclear-weapon state(s).

Treaty on the
Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.

Nuclear species characterised
by the number of protons (atomic number) and the number of neutrons. The total number of protons and neutrons
is called the mass number of the nuclide.

Nuclear-weapon state(s): those states recognised by the NPT as
having nuclear weapons when the Treaty was concluded, that is, US, UK,
Russia, France and China.

Other Chemical Production
Facility: a facility that produces discrete organic chemicals in quantities
exceeding thresholds defined in the CWC.

Organization for the
Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.

On-Site Inspectiona short
notice challenge type inspection provided for in the CTBT as a means for
investigation concerns about serious non-compliance the testing prohibition.

Physical Inventory
Listing. A term used in nuclear
materials accountancy.

For CWC purposes, is defined
as a relatively self-contained area, structure or building containing one or
more units for the production, processing or consumption of a chemical, along
with associated infrastructure.

For CWC purposes, is defined
as the local integration of one or more plants, with any intermediate
administrative levels, which are under one operational control, and includes
common infrastructure.

For CWC purposes, is defined
as the formation of a chemical through chemical reaction. Production of chemicals specified by the
CWC is declarable, even if produced as intermediates and irrespective of
whether or not they are isolated.

Refers to an agreed delineated
fuel cycle program (facilities and activities).

Pressurised water reactor: an
LWR in which the moderator/coolant heats a secondary cooling circuit that
produces steam for electricity generation.

Research and Development.

Processing of spent fuel to
separate uranium and plutonium from highly radioactive fission products.

Republic of Korea.

Shipper/Receiver
Difference. A term used in nuclear
materials accountancy.

Standing Advisory Group on
Safeguards Implementation: an advisory group to the Director General of the
IAEA.

South Pacific Nuclear Free
Zone Treaty.

State System of Accounting for
and Control of Nuclear Material: the national safeguards system required of
each state under its safeguards agreement with the IAEA.

Compound originating from
microorganisms animals or plants irrespective of the method of production
whether natural or modified that can death, disease or ill health to humans,
animals or plants.

Terawatt (tera = trillion, 10¹²).

Terawatt hours.

Isotope 233 of uranium,
produced through neutron irradiation of thorium-232.

Isotope 235 of uranium (occurs
as 0.711% of natural uranium), comprising 92 protons and 143 neutrons.

Isotope 238 of uranium (occurs
as about 99.3% of natural uranium), comprising 92 protons and 146 neutrons.

Uranium hexafluoride, a
gaseous compound of uranium and fluorine used as the feedstock for most
enrichment processes.

Uranium Ore Concentrates (i.e.
yellowcake).

Not all UOC has the same
composition, thus all weights in this Report are given as the quantity of U₃O₈
that contains the same amount of uranium as the UOC in question.

Weapons of mass destruction
(nuclear, chemical, biological).