Summary of Australia's involvement in recent disputes before the World Trade Organization

Australia as a complaining party (complainant)

Information on Australia’s other previous disputes as a complaining party is on the archived disputes section.

Australia as a defending party (respondent)

Arbitration with India concerning Australia's intended modification of its Schedule of Specific Commitments under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)

On 2 January 2024, India initiated negotiations with Australia under Article XXI of the GATS and the Procedures for the Implementation of Article XXI of the GATS (S/L/80), concerning Australia's proposed modification of its GATS Schedule. Australia sought to modify its GATS Schedule to incorporate new commitments on services domestic regulation.

Australia held two rounds of negotiations with India under Article XXI of the GATS and S/L/80, on 18 March 2024 and 10 April 2024.

On 31 May 2024, India requested arbitration proceedings with Australia pursuant to Article XXI:3(a) of the GATS and paragraph 7 of S/L/80. The Arbitration Body was appointed on 23 August 2024.

On 23 September 2024, Australia filed its written submission.

On 30 September 2024, Australia delivered its opening and closing statements at the meeting with the Arbitration Body and the Parties.

On 18 October 2024, Australia filed its written responses to the Arbitration Body's questions.

On 24 October 2024, Australia filed its written comments to India's responses to the Arbitration Body's questions.

On 22 November the Arbitration Body communicated its findings to the Parties. The findings, as set out in official WTO documents S/SECRET/13/ARB/F and S/SECRET/13/ARB/F/Corr.1, are available at the WTO website.

On 4 February 2025, Australia's GATS Schedule modification entered into force.

All official WTO documents filed in this dispute are available on the WTO website.

Information on Australia’s other previous disputes as a defending party is on the archived disputes section.

Australia as a third party

Australia often joins disputes as a third party when it has commercial and/or legal interests in the matters in question. This provides an opportunity to present our views to the Panel and, if the Panel report is appealed, to the Appellate Body.

China — Additional Import Duties on Certain Agricultural and Fishery Products from Canada (DS636)

On 20 March 2025, Canada requested consultations with China with respect to import duties on certain products from Canada. These import duties were in addition to any duties imposed by China pursuant to its tariff commitments as set out in its GATT 1994 Schedule of Concessions.

A panel was established on 23 June 2025. Argentina, Australia, Brazil, the European Union, India, Indonesia, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, the Russian Federation, Singapore, Switzerland, Chinese Taipei, Türkiye, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Viet Nam reserved their third-party rights.

European Union — Definitive Countervailing Duties on New Battery Electric Vehicles from China (DS630)

On 4 November 2024, China requested consultations with the European Union with respect to the definitive countervailing duties imposed by the European Union on new battery electric vehicles from China, as well as the underlying investigation that led to the imposition of these duties.

A panel was established on 25 April 2025. Australia, Brazil, Canada, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mexico, Norway, the Russian Federation, Singapore, Switzerland, Thailand, Türkiye, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and the United States reserved their third-party rights.

Türkiye — Measures Concerning Electric Vehicles and Other Types of Vehicles from China (DS629)

On 8 October 2024, China requested consultations with Türkiye with respect to measures concerning electric vehicles and other types of vehicles originating in China.

A panel was established on 24 February 2025. Australia, Brazil, Canada, the European Union, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Norway, the Russian Federation, Singapore, Switzerland, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and the United States reserved their third-party rights.

Australia filed its third party written submission on 31 July 2025, delivered its oral statement on 24 September 2025, filed its responses to the Panel's questions on 13 October 2025 and filed its executive summary on 23 October 2025.

Canada — Measures on Certain Products of Chinese Origin (DS627)

On 6 September 2024, China requested consultations with Canada with respect to measures on certain products of Chinese origin, including electric vehicles and steel and aluminium products from China.

A panel was established 23 June 2025. Australia, Brazil, the European Union, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Norway, the Russian Federation, Singapore, Switzerland, Chinese Taipei, Thailand, Türkiye, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Viet Nam reserved their third-party rights.

European Union — Additional measures concerning the importation of citrus fruit from South Africa (DS624)

On 15 April 2024, South Africa requested consultations with the European Union with respect to certain aspects of the import regime imposed by the European Union on citrus fruit from South Africa, in particular, the application of measures relating to P. citricarpa (known as "citrus black spot").

A panel was established on 26 July 2024. Argentina, Australia, Botswana, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Eswatini, India, Israel, Japan, Paraguay, the Russian Federation, Chinese Taipei, the United States, Uruguay and Zimbabwe have reserved their rights to participate in the Panel proceedings as third parties.

United States — Certain tax credits under the Inflation Reduction Act (DS623)

On 26 March 2024, China requested consultations with the United States with respect to certain subsidies that the United States allegedly provides under the Inflation Reduction Act.

A panel was established on 23 September 2024. Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Ecuador, the European Union, Hong Kong, China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Norway, the Russian Federation, Singapore, Switzerland, Thailand, Türkiye, United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, Venezuela, and Viet Nam have reserved their rights to participate in the Panel proceeding as third parties.

European Union – Anti-Dumping Measures on Imports of Fatty Acid from Indonesia (DS622)

On 7 February 2024, Indonesia requested consultations with the European Union with respect to its anti-dumping measures on imports of fatty acid from Indonesia, as well as the underlying investigation that led to the imposition of the measures.

A panel was established on 18 December 2024. Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Japan, the Russian Federation, Singapore, Türkiye, Ukraine, the United Kingdom and the United States have reserved their rights to participate in the Panel proceeding as third parties.

Australia filed its third party written submission on 12 August 2025, delivered its oral statement on 15 October 2025, filed its responses to the Panel's questions on 3 November 2025 and filed its executive summary on 10 November 2025.

European Union — Countervailing duties on imports of biodiesel from Indonesia (DS618)

On 11 August 2023, Indonesia requested consultations with the European Union with respect to its countervailing duties on imports of biodiesel from Indonesia, as well as the underlying investigation that led to the imposition of the duties.

A panel was established on 27 November 2023. Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, China, Japan, Norway, Russian Federation, Singapore, Thailand, Türkiye, United Kingdom and United States have reserved their rights to participate in the Panel proceedings as third parties.

Australia filed its third party written submission on 29 July 2024, delivered its oral statement on 9 October 2024, filed its responses to the Panel's questions on 28 October 2024 and filed its executive summary on 4 November 2024.

On 22 August 2025, the Panel issued its Final Report. The Final Report is available on the WTO website DS618:European Union — Countervailing Duties on Imports of Biodiesel from Indonesia.

On 26 September 2025, the European Union notified the WTO of its decision to appeal the Final Report of the Panel.

United States — Anti-dumping measure on Oil Country Tubular Goods from Argentina (DS617)

On 17 May 2023, Argentina requested consultations with the United States with respect to anti-dumping measure imposed on oil country tubular goods (OCTG) from Argentina, and with respect to certain provisions of the United States’ anti-dumping legislation.

A panel was established on 26 October 2023. Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, European Union, Japan, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Chinese Taipei, Türkiye and Ukraine have reserved their rights to participate in the Panel proceedings as third parties.

Australia filed its third party written submission on 14 May 2024, delivered its oral statement on 11 July 2024, filed its responses to the Panel's questions on 26 July 2024 and filed its executive summary on 13 September 2024.

European Union — Countervailing and Anti-Dumping Duties on Stainless Steel Cold-Rolled Flat Products from Indonesia (DS616)

On 24 January 2023, Indonesia requested consultations with the European Union with respect to countervailing and anti-dumping measures imposed by the European Union on imports of stainless steel cold-rolled flat products from Indonesia.

A panel was established on 30 May 2023. Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Egypt, India, Japan, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Singapore, Chinese Taipei, Thailand, Türkiye, Ukraine, United Kingdom, and United States have reserved their rights to participate in the Panel proceedings as third parties.

Australia filed its third party written submission on 2 February 2024, delivered its oral statement on 18 April 2024, filed its responses to the Panel's questions on 13 May 2024 and filed its executive summary on 20 May 2024.

On 2 October 2025, the Panel issued its Final Report. The Final Report is available on the WTO website DS616: European Union — Countervailing and Anti-Dumping Duties on Stainless Steel Cold-Rolled Flat Products from Indonesia.

On 21 November 2025, the European Union notified the WTO of its decision to appeal the Final Report of the Panel.

European Union — Measures concerning the importation of citrus fruit from South Africa (DS613)

On 27 July 2022, South Africa requested consultations with the European Union with regard to the European Union's regime governing the importation of citrus fruits from South Africa, in particular, the application of measures relating to Thaumatotibia leucotreta (known as "false codling moth").

A panel was established on 26 July 2024. Australia, Botswana, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Eswatini, India, Israel, Japan, Paraguay, the Russian Federation, Chinese Taipei, the United Kingdom, the United States, Uruguay and Zimbabwe have reserved their rights to participate in the Panel proceedings as third parties.

China — Enforcement of intellectual property rights (DS611)

On 18 February 2022, the European Union requested consultations with China with respect to certain measures adversely affecting the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights. The European Union claimed that the measures imposed by China were inconsistent with the Agreement on Trade‑Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.

A panel was established on 27 January 2023. Australia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Norway, Peru, Russian Federation, Singapore, Switzerland, Chinese Taipei, Thailand, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, and Viet Nam have reserved their rights to participate in the Panel proceedings as third parties.

Australia filed its third party written submission on 31 August 2023, filed its responses to questions on 20 November 2023 and filed its executive summary on 21 November 2023.

The European Union and China agreed to resolve any appeal through arbitration under the Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement (MPIA), consistent with Article 25 of the WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU). The appeal arbitration agreement between the parties was notified to the WTO on 4 July 2023. On 2 May 2025, the panel of arbitrators was composed, before the arbitrators issued their arbitration award on 21 July 2025.

Australia filed its third party written submission and executive summary on 15 May 2025 and delivered its oral statement on 4 June 2025.

Canada, Japan, Norway, Republic of Korea, Ukraine and the United Kingdom participated as third parties.

Information on the dispute is also available on the WTO website at WTO | dispute settlement - the disputes - DS611: China – Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights.

China — Measures concerning trade in goods (DS610)

On 27 January 2022, the European Union requested consultations with China regarding import bans or import restrictions allegedly imposed by or attributable to China, on the importation of certain goods from the European Union. The European Union claims that these measures are inconsistent with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994, the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and the Trade Facilitation Agreement.

A panel was established on 27 January 2023. Australia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Russian Federation, Switzerland, Chinese Taipei, Thailand, Türkiye, United Kingdom, United States and Viet Nam have reserved their rights to participate in the Panel proceedings as third parties.

Australia filed its third party written submission on China's request for a preliminary ruling on 22 September 2023. That submission addresses the interpretation of Article 6.2 of the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes.

Australia filed its third party written submission on 9 November 2023, delivered its third party oral statement on 28 November 2023, filed its responses to questions on 18 December 2023 and filed its executive summary on 12 January 2024.

The Panel has suspended its work pursuant to Article 12.12 of the DSU, effective from 27 January 2025.

The European Union terminated the dispute settlement procedure on 28 November 2025.

China — Anti-Dumping measures on stainless steel products from Japan (DS601)

On 11 June 2021, Japan requested consultations with China with respect to measures imposing anti-dumping duties on stainless steel billets, hot-rolled coils, and hot-rolled plates from Japan. Japan claimed that the measures imposed by China are inconsistent with the Anti-Dumping Agreement and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994.

A panel was established on 27 September 2021. Australia, Brazil, Canada, EU, India, Korea, Mexico, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Chinese Taipei, Vietnam and United States reserved their right to participate as a third party.

Australia filed its third party written submission on 9 May 2022, delivered its third party oral statement on 30 June 2022, filed its responses to questions on 19 July 2022 and filed its executive summary on 25 July 2022.

On 19 June 2023, the Panel report was circulated to Members. At its meeting on 28 July 2023, the DSB adopted the Panel report.

European Union and certain Member states – Certain measures concerning palm oil and oil palm crop-based biofuels (DS600)

On 15 January 2021, Malaysia requested consultations with the European Union regarding certain measures imposed by the European Union and its member States concerning palm oil and oil palm crop-based biofuels from Malaysia. Malaysia claimed that the measures imposed by the European Union and certain Member States are inconsistent with the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 and the Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Agreement.

A panel was established on 28 May 2021. Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Norway, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom and United States reserved their right to participate as a third party.

Australia filed its third party written submission on 14 December 2021, delivered its third party oral statement on 11 May 2022, and filed its responses to questions on 20 June 2022.

On 5 March 2024, the Panel report was circulated to Members. At its meeting on 26 April 2024, the DSB adopted the Panel report. Information on the dispute is also available on the WTO website at WTO | dispute settlement - the disputes - DS600: European Union and certain Member states — Certain Measures Concerning Palm Oil and Oil Palm Crop-Based Biofuels.

Panama — Measures concerning the importation of certain products from Costa Rica (DS599)

On 11 January 2021, Costa Rica requested consultations with Panama regarding measures on the importation of a number of products originating in Costa Rica, including: strawberries, dairy products, bovine, pork, poultry and turkey meat products, fish food, fresh pineapple, and plantains and bananas. Costa Rica claimed that the measures imposed by Panama are inconsistent with the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, the Agreement on Agriculture and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994.

A panel was established on 27 September 2021. Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, the EU, India, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Russian Federation, United Kingdom and United States reserved their right to participate as a third party.

Australia delivered its third party oral statement on 13 December 2022, and filed its responses to questions on 15 February 2023.

On 5 December 2024, the Panel report was circulated to Members. On 24 January 2025, Panama notified to the DSB of its decision appeal certain issues of law and legal interpretation in the Panel report. Information on the dispute is also available on the WTO website at WTO | dispute settlement - the disputes - DS599: Panama - Measures Concerning the Importation of Certain Products from Costa Rica.

European Union – Certain measures concerning palm oil and oil palm crop-based biofuels (DS593)

On 9 December 2019, Indonesia requested consultations with the European Union regarding certain measures imposed by the European Union and its member States concerning palm oil and oil palm crop-based biofuels from Indonesia. Indonesia claimed that the measures imposed by the European Union and certain Member States are inconsistent with the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 and the Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Agreement.

A panel was established on 29 July 2020. Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Norway, Russian Federation, Singapore, Thailand, Turkey and United States reserved their right to participate as a third party.

Australia filed its third party written submission on 19 March 2021, responses to questions from the Panel on 27 May 2021 and executive summary on 2 June 2021.

On 10 January 2025, the Panel report was circulated to Members. At its meeting on 24 February 2025, the DSB adopted the Panel report. Information on the dispute is also available on the WTO website at WTO | dispute settlement - the disputes - DS593: European Union - Certain Measures Concerning Palm Oil and Oil Palm Crop-Based Biofuels.

Archived disputes

Archived disputes of Australia as a complaining party (complainant)

China – Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Measures on Wine From Australia (DS602)
China – Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Duty Measures on Barley From Australia (DS598)
India – Measures Concerning Sugar and Sugarcane (DS580)
Canada – Measures Governing the Sale of Wine (DS537)

Archived disputes of Australia as a defending party (respondent)

Australia – Certain Measures Concerning Trademarks, and Other Plain Packaging Requirements Applicable to Tobacco Products and Packaging (DS434) and Australia – Certain Measures Concerning Trademarks, Geographical Indications and Other Plain Packaging Requirements Applicable to Tobacco Products and Packaging (DS435, DS441, DS458 and DS467)
Australia – Measures Affecting the Importation of Apples from New Zealand (DS367)
Australia – Certain Measures Affecting the Importation of Fresh Pineapple Fruit (DS271)
Australia – Certain Measures Affecting the Importation of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables (DS270)

Archived disputes of Australia as a third party

India – Measures Concerning Sugar and Sugarcane (DS581)
India – Measures Concerning Sugar and Sugarcane (DS579)
US – Ripe Olives from Spain (DS577)
US – Tariff Measures (China) (DS543)
Canada – Measures Governing the Sale of Wine in Grocery Stores (DS520 and DS531)
European Union – Measures Related to Price Comparison Methodologies (DS516)
India – Iron and Steel Products (DS518)
Russia – Measures concerning Traffic in Transit (DS512)
China – Tariff Rate Quotas for Certain Agricultural Products (DS517)
China – Domestic Support for Agricultural Producers (DS511)
Indonesia – Measures concerning the importation of Bovine Meat (DS506)
Brazil – Certain Measures Concerning Taxation and Charges (DS497)
Ukraine – Anti-Dumping Measures on Ammonium Nitrate from Russia (DS493)
Indonesia – Safeguard on Certain Iron or Steel Products (DS496)
Indonesia – Safeguard on Certain Iron or Steel Products (DS490)
China – Measures Related to Demonstration Bases and common Service Platforms Programmes (DS489)
United States – Conditional Tax Incentives for Large Civil Aircraft (DS487)
Russia – Tariff Treatment of Certain Agricultural and Manufacturing Products (DS485)
Indonesia – Measures Concerning the Importation of Chicken Meat and Chicken Products (DS484)
European Union – Anti-Dumping Measures on Biodiesel from Indonesia (DS480)
Indonesia – Importation of Horticultural Products, Animals and Animal Products (DS477 and 478)
Russian Federation – Measures on the Importation of Live Pigs, Pork and Other Pig Products from the European Union (DS475)
European Union – Cost Adjustment Methodologies and Certain Anti-Dumping Measures on Imports from Russia (DS474 and DS494)
European Union – Anti-Dumping Measures on Biodiesel from Argentina (DS473)
Brazil – Certain Measures Concerning Taxation and Charges (DS472)
Ukraine – Definitive Safeguard Measures on Certain Passenger Cars (DS468)
Indonesia – Importation of Horticultural Products, Animals and Animal Products (DS465, DS466)
Argentina – Measures Relating to Trade in Goods and Services (DS453)
United States – Countervailing and Anti-Dumping Measures on Certain Products from China (DS449)
US – Measures Affecting the Importation of Animals, Meat and other Animal Products from Argentina (DS447)
European Union and a Member State – Certain Measures Concerning the Importation of Biodiesels (DS443)
Argentina – Measures Affecting the Importation of Goods (DS444, DS445, DS446 and DS438)
United States – Countervailing Duty Measures on Certain Products from China (DS437)
United States – Countervailing Measures on Certain Hot-Rolled Carbon Steel Flat Products from India (DS436)
China – Measures Related to the Exportation of Rare Earths, Tungsten and Molybdenum (DS431, DS432 and DS433)
India – Measures Concerning the Importation of Certain Agricultural Products from the United States (DS430)
Canada – Certain Measures Affecting the Renewable Energy Generation Sector (DS412) and Canada – Measures Relating to the Feed-in Tariff Program (DS426)
United States – Certain Country of Origin Labelling (COOL) Requirements (DS384, DS386)
United States – Measures Concerning the Importation, Marketing and Sale of Tuna and Tuna Products (DS381)
Thailand — Cigarettes (Philippines) (DS371)
United States – Measures Affecting Trade in Large Civil Aircraft (Second Complaint) (DS353)
European Communities – Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones): Recourse to Article 21.5 by the European Communities (DS26 and DS48)
European Communities and Certain Member States – Measures Affecting Trade in Large Civil Aircraft (DS316)

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